QADAA (making up missed fasts)
Who is required to offer Qadaa?
(a) Those who did not fast due to a legislated concession
The traveler
The sick
(B) Those who were forbidden to fast
The menstruating woman
The woman with postpartum bleeding
(C) Those who invalidated their fast by
Intentional eating
Intentional drinking
Self induced vomiting
One day needs to be made up for each fast missed.
When should Qadaa be offered?
And whoever of you is sick or on a journey, (let him fast) the same number from other days. (Qur’an 2:185)
Aaeysha said, ‘Sometimes I missed some fasts of Ramadaan and I could not make up for them until Sha'baan.’ (saheeh of bukhaari; saheeh of muslim)
The missed days of fasting must be made up before the following month of Ramadaan begins. And there is no evidence to suggest that the days have to be made up consecutively.
QADAA and KAFFAARAH (expiation)
Who is required to offer both Qadaa and Kaffaarah?
(1)The husband who engaged in sexual intercourse during the fast
(2) The wife who engaged in sexual intercourse during the fast provided she wasn’t forced to do so by her husband in which case she offers Qadaa alone.
What is the Kaffaarah?
Narrated Abu Huraira “A man came to Allah's messenger and said, ‘I am ruined.’ The Prophet asked, ‘What do you mean?’ He said, ‘I had sexual intercourse with my wife during Ramadan (while fasting).’ The Prophet asked him, ‘Can you manumit a slave?’ He replied in the negative. He then asked him, ‘Can you fast for two successive months continuously.’ He replied in the negative. The Prophet then asked him, ‘Can you feed sixty poor persons?’ He replied in the negative. In the meantime an Ansari came with a basket full of dates. The Prophet said to the man, ‘Take it and give it in charity.’ The man said, ‘Should I give it to some people who are poorer than we O Allah's Apostle? By Him Who has sent you with the Truth, there is no family between Madinah's two mountains poorer than we.’ Allah's Apostle told him to take it and provide his family with it.” (saheeh of bukhaari)
So the person makes up the fast and also offers Kaffaarah in the following order of preference:
(1)The person frees a slave
(2)If unable to free a slave, the person fasts for two consecutive months
(3)If unable to fast two months, the person feeds sixty poor people
FIDYAH (compensation)
Who is required to pay Fidyah for missed fasts?
(1)Elderly who find it difficult to fast
(2)Person with prolonged illness not likely to improve
(3)Pregnant woman who apprehends harm
(4)Breastfeeding woman who apprehends harm
What is the Fidyah to be paid?
And as for those who fast with difficulty, they have to feed a miskeen. (Qur’an 2:184)
Narrated Abdullah Ibn Abbas (Explaining the verse), ‘This was a concession granted to the aged man and woman who were not able to keep fast; they were allowed to leave the fast and instead feed a poor person for each fast; (and a concession) to pregnant and suckling woman when they apprehended harm.’ (sunan of abu dawood)
So the person does not make up the fasts in these situations and instead feeds one poor person for each fast missed. This is the prescribed Fidyah from the evidences.
Written by Kamillah Khan
